面向空间应用的先进钙钛矿光伏技术

周斌; 屈铎; 杨晓宇; 孔华; 涂用广; 徐国宁

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0938

面向空间应用的先进钙钛矿光伏技术

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0938

周斌¹,
屈铎¹,
杨晓宇²,
孔华³,
涂用广^1, ,,
徐国宁^{3, 4}

1.
西北工业大学柔性电子研究院柔性电子前沿基础科学中心，西安 710072
2.
利亚德光电股份有限公司智能显示研究院，北京 100091
3.
中国科学院空天信息与创新研究院，北京 100094
4.
中国科学院大学，北京 100094

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(62004165)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：iamygtu@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: V419⁺.2；V442；TM914.4
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- 文章访问数: 666
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- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-22
- 录用日期: 2023-02-11
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-10
- 整期出版日期: 2025-08-31

Advanced perovskite photovoltaic technology for space applications

ZHOU Bin¹,
QU Duo¹,
YANG Xiaoyu²,
KONG Hua³,
TU Yongguang^{1
, ,},
XU Guoning^{3, 4}

1.
Frontier Basic Science Center for Flexible Electronics，Institute of Flexible Electronics，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China
2.
Intelligent Display Research Institute，Leyard Optoelectronic Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100091，China
3.
Aerospace Information Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100094，China
4.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100094，China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62004165)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：iamygtu@nwpu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对空间极端环境对太阳能电池高性能、高能质比和长期稳定性的需求，旨在研究金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的空间应用潜力与技术进展。从临近空间强辐射、高真空和宽域温度循环等极端环境出发，分析提出太阳能电池的空间应用需具备高性能、高能质比和长期稳定性的要求。基于钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构特点，总结其在高效率、大面积、稳定性、柔性化方面的技术发展与产业化进程，重点讨论分析了钙钛矿太阳能电池的耐辐射性能和空间飞行试验。结果表明：先进钙钛矿光伏技术展现出解决未来空间应用供能需求的巨大潜力，也面临着一些实际挑战。
- 空间 /
- 钙钛矿 /
- 太阳能电池 /
- 环境耐受性 /
- 柔性结构 /
- 辐射效应 /
- 空间飞行
Abstract:
Metal halide perovskite-type semiconductors have received extensive attention in the photovoltaic field due to their low cost and excellent performance. Perovskite solar cells have gradually become a new generation of photovoltaic technology for space/near-space applications due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, long-term stability, flexible fabrication, and good radiation resistance. In this paper, it was proposed that solar cells for space applications should achieve high performance, a high energy-to-mass ratio, and long-term stability due to extreme environments of strong radiation, high vacuum, and wide temperature cycles in near space. In addition, the structural characteristics of perovskite solar cells were introduced, and their technical development and industrialization process in terms of high efficiency, large area, stability, and flexibility were summarized. In order to meet the energy demand of space applications in the future, the paper discussed the radiation resistance performance and space flight tests of perovskite solar cells, providing theoretical guidance for the development of perovskite solar cell technology for space applications.
- space /
- perovskite /
- solar cell /
- environment tolerance /
- flexible structure /
- radiation effect /
- space flight

HTML全文

图 1 空间中的航天器^[4]

Figure 1. Spacecrafts in space^[4]

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图 2 影响钙钛矿太阳能电池的空间环境因素^[4]

Figure 2. Spatial environmental factors affecting perovskite solar cells^[4]

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图 3 空间光伏技术的具体要求^[4]

Figure 3. Specific requirements of space photovoltaic technology ^[4]

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图 4 钙钛矿晶体结构的示意图^[16]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the perovskite crystal structure^[16]

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图 5 钙钛矿的Goldschmidt容忍因子^[18]

Figure 5. Goldschmidt tolerance factor for perovskite ^[18]

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图 6 层状钙钛矿的示意图^[22]

Figure 6. Schematic representation of layered perovskite^[22]

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图 7 钙钛矿太阳能电池的器件结构^[25]

Figure 7. Device structures of perovskite solar cells^[25]

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图 8 光伏技术的发展历程^[29]

Figure 8. Evolution of photovoltaic technologies ^[29]

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图 9 MAPbI₃的降解^[30]

Figure 9. Degradation of MAPbI₃^[30]

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图 10 高效大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池的认证效率记录^[31]

Figure 10. Certified efficiency record of high-efficiency large-area perovskite solar cells ^[31]

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图 11 钙钛矿薄膜大面积制造工艺示意图^[41]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the large-area fabrication process for perovskite films ^[41]

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图 12 全球最大面积和最高转换效率的钙钛矿光伏电池模块^[48]

Figure 12. World's largest area and highest conversion efficiency perovskite photovoltaic cell module ^[48]

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图 13 全球首个钙钛矿光伏建筑项目^[49]

Figure 13. The world's first perovskite photovoltaic building project^[49]

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图 14 溅射和离子镀ITO薄膜的透射光谱^[55]

Figure 14. Transmission spectra of sputtered and ion-plated ITO films^[55]

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图 15 PEN/ITO衬底的FPSCs的横截面^[56]

Figure 15. Cross-section of FPSCs on PEN/ITO substrate ^[56]

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图 16 基于Ti导线的柔性PSCs^[59]

Figure 16. Flexible PSCs based on Ti conductors^[59]

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图 17 使用CNT纤维的柔性PSCs的结构^[60]

Figure 17. Structure of flexible PSCs using CNT fibers ^[60]

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图 18 柔性器件的机械稳定性^[61]

Figure 18. Mechanical stability of flexible devices ^[61]

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图 19 指纹传感器和用柔性图像传感器拍摄的彩色图像^[62]

Figure 19. Fingerprint sensor and color image taken with a flexible image sensor^[62]

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图 20 PSCs对高能电子束辐射的耐受性^[68]

Figure 20. Tolerance of PSCs to high-energy electron beam radiation^[68]

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图 21 辐射测试的PSC结构及电子束辐射前后FTO玻璃基板的透光率和照片^[68]

Figure 21. Radiation-tested PSC structure, transmittance and photographs of FTO glass substrate before and after electron beam radiation^[68]

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图 22 钙钛矿太阳能电池各参数与质子剂量的函数关系^[72]

Figure 22. Parameters of perovskite solar cells as a function of proton dose^[72]

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图 23 Si和PSCs被不同能量的质子辐照后的相对质子诱导量子效率^[73]

Figure 23. Relative proton-induced quantum efficiencies of Si and PSCs after irradiation by protons with different energies respectively^[73]

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图 24 模拟基于石英衬底的PSCs 10 MeV、20 MeV、68 MeV和1 GeV质子束的穿透^[75]

Figure 24. Penetration of 10 MeV, 20 MeV, 68 MeV and 1 GeV proton beams in simulated quartz and PSCs^[75]

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图 25 器件在10¹² p/cm²不同质子辐照前后的统计图^[73]

Figure 25. Statistics of the device before and after irradiation with different protons at 10¹² p/cm²^[73]

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图 26 混合阳离子钙钛矿太阳能电池的临近空间飞行^[4]

Figure 26. Near-space flight of hybrid cationic perovskite solar cells^[4]

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图 27 搭载钙钛矿器件探空火箭飞行的示意图^[79]

Figure 27. Schematic of a sounding rocket flight with a perovskite device^[79]

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图 28 安装在国际空间站实验装置的MAPbI₃薄膜样品^[81]

Figure 28. MAPbI₃ thin film samples mounted on the ISS experimental setup ^[81]

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图 29 空间打印钙钛矿太阳能模组^[83]

Figure 29. Space-printed perovskite solar module ^[83]

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表 1 聚合物基材的性能参数

Table 1. 1 Performance parameters of polymer substrate

基底	玻璃化转变温度/℃	熔点/℃	密度/（g·cm⁻³）	模量/10³ MPa	工作温度/℃	热膨胀系数/（10⁻⁶℃⁻¹）	吸水率/%	耐溶剂性	尺寸稳定性
PEN	120～155	269	1.36	0.1～0.5		20	0.3～0.4	好	好
PET	70～110	115～258	1.39	2～4.1	−50～150	15～33	0.4～0.6	好	好
聚酰亚胺（PI）	155～270	250～452	1.35～1.43	2.5	<400	8～20	1.3～3.0	好	中等
聚碳酸酯（PC）	145	115～160	1.20～1.22	2.0～2.6	−40～130	75	0.16～0.35	差	中等

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