基于混合开关器件的可重构电池组串并联拓扑结构

叶泽雨; 尹靖元; 张桐硕; 师长立; 韦统振

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0855

基于混合开关器件的可重构电池组串并联拓扑结构

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0855

叶泽雨^{1, 2},
尹靖元^{1, 2, ,},
张桐硕¹,
师长立^{1, 2},
韦统振^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院电工研究所北京 100090
2.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院，北京 100049

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2601602)；中国科学院电工研究所科研基金(E155610201)；中国科学院青年创新促进会(2020144)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：yinjingyuan@mail.iee.ac.cn

中图分类号: V242；TM912
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- 文章访问数: 302
- HTML全文浏览量: 36
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-30
- 录用日期: 2023-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-07
- 整期出版日期: 2025-08-31

Series-parallel topology of reconfigurable battery pack based on hybrid switching devices

YE Zeyu^{1, 2},
YIN Jingyuan^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Tongshuo¹,
SHI Changli^{1, 2},
WEI Tongzhen^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Electrical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100090，China
2.
School of Electronic，Electrical and Communication Engineering，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFB2601602); Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Electrical Engineering, CAS (E155610201); Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (2020144)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：yinjingyuan@mail.iee.ac.cn

摘要

摘要:
临近空间飞行器储能电池组需要将大量电池单体串并联连接，部分单体电池故障将严重影响电池组性能并可能导致故障蔓延。通过在电池组中配置电力电子开关可以使电池单体或部分单体可重构，具备故障电池隔离及电池间容量均衡等功能。为实现飞行器的电源高效、高可靠度，提出一种基于混合开关的可重构电池组。使用响应时间快的电力电子器件隔离电池串，进一步使用机械继电器控制单体电池的投入和切除；提出混合开关器件结构下的电池切换策略，利用二极管辅助的母线电压调节方法；搭建10串2并的混合开关可重构电池组样机，并进行电池组放电阶段的重构实验。实验结果表明：所提结构可以通过开关器件实现电池串联均衡、故障隔离和母线电压调节等多种功能。损耗、可靠性和质量分析表明：所提结构少量系统损耗和质量即可以实现对电池单体控制，提升电池组的可靠度。
- 电池管理 /
- 可重构电池组 /
- 混合开关 /
- 故障重构 /
- 可靠性 /
- 电池容量均衡
Abstract:
Near-space vehicles require battery packs composed of a large number of cells connected in series and parallel. The failure of battery cells can seriously affect the performance of the battery pack and may cause the propagation of the failure. By configuring power electronic switches in the battery pack, cells or certain sections of them can be reconfigured, enabling fault battery isolation and capacity balance between batteries. In order to achieve high efficiency and reliability of power supply, a reconfigurable battery pack based on a hybrid switch was proposed. First, fast-response power electronic devices were used to isolate the battery string, and mechanical relays were used to control the insert and removal of a battery cell. Then, a battery switching strategy based on a hybrid switching device structure was proposed, incorporating a diode-assisted bus voltage regulation method. At last, a prototype of a hybrid-switch-based reconfigurable battery pack with 10-series, 2-parallel connections was built, and a reconstruction experiment under discharge conditions was carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed structure can realize battery balancing, fault isolation, and bus voltage regulation through switching devices. Analyses of loss, reliability, and weight show that the structure can manage cells with minimal additional system loss and weight, improving overall battery pack reliability.
- battery management /
- reconfigurable battery pack /
- hybrid switch /
- fault reconstruction /
- reliability /
- balance of battery capacity

HTML全文

图 1 不同的可重构电池组结构^[20-21]

Figure 1. Structure of different reconfigurable battery packs^[20-21]

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图 2 开关连接方式

Figure 2. Connection mode of switch

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图 3 混合开关器件可重构电池组拓扑架构

Figure 3. Reconfigurable battery pack topology architecture based on hybrid switching device

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图 4 电池单体投入/切除过程

Figure 4. Insertion and removal process of a battery cell

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图 5 电池组电压调节过程

Figure 5. Battery pack voltage regulation process

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图 6 串并联电池组等效模型

Figure 6. Equivalent model of a series-parallel connected battery pack

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图 7 实验测试平台

Figure 7. Experimental test platform

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图 8 容量均衡切换过程实验

Figure 8. Capacity balancing switching process experiment

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图 9 电池单体故障重构实验

Figure 9. Fault reconstruction experiment of battery cell

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图 10 电池组电压调节实验

Figure 10. Voltage regulation experiment of battery pack

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图 11 电池串短路保护实验

Figure 11. Experiment of battery string short-circuit protection

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图 12 串联电池组可靠度模型

Figure 12. Reliability model of battery packs connected in series

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图 13 本文结构的可靠度模型

Figure 13. Reliability model of the proposed structure

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图 14 不同串联节数和冗余电池数量的电池组可靠度

Figure 14. Reliability of battery pack with different number of series-connected cells and redundant cells

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图 15 电池组可靠度和系统质量的关系

Figure 15. Relationship between reliability of battery pack and system weight

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表 1 不同可重构电池组的器件使用和损耗分析

Table 1. Analysis of device usage and loss of different reconfigurable battery packs

结构名称	MOSFET 数量	机械开关数量	损耗
纯固态结构 (四开关式)	4n	0	2nl₁
纯固态结构 (两开关式)	2n+2	0	(n+2)l₁
常规混合式结构	4n	2n	nl₃
本文混合式结构	2	n	2l₁+ nl₃

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表 2 不同切换过程对比

Table 2. Comparison of different switching processes

切换方式	注意事项或参数要求
同时切换	10%的电压跌落需要5 mF母线电容
分步切换	瞬时短路电流超过50 A
投入限流电阻切换	将电流差限制在6 A以内需要1 Ω电阻，电阻功率为9 W
投入二极管切换	切换过程电池承受2倍额定放电电流

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